Under Zhuge Liang's assistance, Liu Bei defeated Cao Cao in the Battle of Red Cliffs. Among the most renowned stories is that of “Borrowing Arrows with Straw Boats“. In the thirteenth year of the Jian'an period (208 AD), as Cao Cao led a large army southward, Zhuge Liang, noticing the abundance of arrows in Cao's forces, devised an ingenious plan to exploit Cao Cao's suspicious nature. He ordered the preparation of dozens of boats filled with straw dummies and covered them with black cloth. As night fell, the boats approached Cao's naval camp. Mistaking the dark fleet for a sneak attack, Cao's army fired arrows at them. In the end, the arrows were all stuck in the straw dummies. When dawn broke, Zhuge Liang directed the boats to return, bringing back tens of thousands of arrows. Subsequently, Liu Bei occupied Jingzhou, captured Yizhou, and established the Shu Han regime. Zhuge Liang was appointed as the Prime Minister, overseeing the administration.

　　发明奇才：木牛流马，连弩革新

　　Inventive Genius: The Wooden Ox and Gliding Horse, and the Innovation of the Crossbow

　　除了在政治和军事上的卓越表现，诸葛亮还是一位杰出的发明家和科技天才。他革新了“连弩”，这种武器可以同时发射10支箭；他发明了孔明灯，这是一种利用热空气上升原理制作的灯笼，可以用于夜间传递信号或照明；他还发明了“木牛”和“流马”，这两种工具在山地运输中发挥了重要作用，有效地解决了粮草运输的问题。 这些发明极大地提高了军队的战斗力，也在很大程度上促进了当时社会生产力的发展。