Formulation and implementation are also key to ensuring the success of these plans. After decades of exploration, a multiyear, standardized process to formulate a five-year plan has been formed. It begins with a mid-term assessment of the prior plan, including preliminary research, drafting, consultations, inter-agency coordination, expert reviews and formal approval. That is to ensure a transparent, consultative and evidence-based process, reflecting public priorities while forging national consensus.

　　Major projects are core pillars in the implementation of five-year plans. From the 156 Soviet-assisted projects in the first plan to the 165 projects proposed in the 13th plan and the 102 projects in the 14th, over a thousand projects have forged the backbone of China's economy and are a testament to the strengths of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　“China possesses a robust capacity to achieve national goals,“ Yan said, adding that “the five-year plan is a unique edge of China's governance.“

　　Finished new energy vehicles are pictured at Seres Group's super factory in Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, southwest China, June 7, 2024. (Xinhua/Wang Quanchao)

　　WHAT HAVE THE PLANS ACCOMPLISHED?

　　From an agrarian society to the world's second-largest economy, China has achieved the twin miracles of rapid economic growth and long-term social stability, with all five-year plans playing a crucial role.

　　The figures speak for themselves.