Also, many machines perform only simple tasks, while complex household environments require far more sophisticated perception and dexterity. Data is another sticking point. Domestic work involves highly sensitive personal information, and the lack of unified industry standards complicates the sharing and processing of such data.

　　"But its trajectory is clear and controllable," said Yang. "Machines will likely evolve from specialized assistants in commercial settings into reliable household companions. If that happens, the ancient profession of housekeeping may soon acquire a distinctly digital partner."