The rules provide a structured, legally grounded mechanism to challenge foreign discriminatory measures and impose calibrated countermeasures when needed, Wang added.

　　In a separate development, the ministry also unveiled a new mechanism on Wednesday to encourage public reporting of violations in the export of strategic minerals and dual-use items.

　　The new rules, effective July 1, are designed to "fully leverage the role of social oversight" in combating illegal and non-compliant exports of strategic minerals and dual-use items, the ministry said in an announcement.

　　Such acts as unauthorized exports of strategic minerals and dual-use items and circumventing export controls through third-country transshipments will be deemed as reportable violations, according to the ministry.

　　wangkeju@chinadaily.com.cn