The standard also strengthens full-lifecycle safety assurance by vehicle manufacturers, which are also required to conduct simulation, closed-track, and on-road testing during research and development of autonomous driving systems.

　　Meanwhile, a multi-dimensional verification system combining enterprise capability assessment, safety case review, and confirmatory testing is established, said MIIT.

　　The MIIT noted that while maintaining consistency with core international requirements, the standard is better adapted to China"s road traffic environment and industry management needs, enhancing practical implementability. Compared with the UN regulations, China"s standard has set more detailed technical requirements for level 3 and level 4 systems, clarifies safety boundaries for different levels, strengthens user notification and training provisions, and introduces a unified standardized test scenario system.

　　A most fundamental change of the newly released standard, compared with the version released in September 2024, is its upgrade from a recommended to a mandatory standard. The overall structure has been rebuilt, with technical details significantly expanded and refined to address multiple safety risks emerging in the commercial deployment of higher-level automated driving, industry insiders pointed out.

　　According to details released on the National Public Service Platform for Standards Information, the main drafting units include 18 vehicle manufacturers, such as BYD, Geely, SAIC Motor, XPeng, Li Auto, Yutong Bus, and Xiaomi. In addition, foreign-invested car companies in China, including Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Nissan, and Volkswagen are also among them.