Breaking down this divide requires embedding services into every pore of manufacturing, and the breakthrough lies in data and policy. On one hand, the industrial internet should serve as the link that connects data silos, drawing service firms to develop specialized, manufacturing-oriented services on a data foundation and forming an ecosystem of "data flow — embedded services — value creation." On the other, statistical and policy systems need reform: drawing on international experience, service units inside manufacturers should be able to keep separate accounts and enjoy service-sector policy benefits, giving the integration of the two sectors a clear policy foothold.

　　Turn to consumer services. At their core, these address people"s needs across the full life cycle, with the aim of better meeting aspirations for a better life by raising the development level of key consumer service areas.

　　Take elderly care and childcare. Demand is moving up from basic provision toward inclusive and even mid- to high-end services, and it is broadening: expectations now span facilities, services, and material and emotional needs alike. Supply-side structural strains are equally acute. In some big cities, beds at high-quality elderly care institutions are nearly impossible to secure, while many beds sit empty at township homes for the elderly. Places at standardized chain childcare centers are hard to come by, even as some small childcare providers struggle to stay in business.

　　Faced with strains that are multilayered and varied, only precise disaggregation and tiered policies can deliver genuine quality upgrades.