孔子的成就，不仅在于他创立了儒家学派，更在于他的思想对后世产生了深远的影响。他强调个人品德的修养和社会秩序的维护，他倡导的“仁、义、礼、智、信”，成为中华民族传统道德的基石；他主张的“为政以德”，为统治者治理国家提供了方向；他坚守的“大道之行，天下为公”，成为一个民族传承千年、接续万代的精神高地。

　　Confucius's achievements are not only reflected in the establishment of the Confucian school but also in the lasting imprint his ideas have left on the minds of posterity. He emphasized the cultivation of personal virtue and the maintenance of social order. The concepts he advocated, “benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and fidelity,“ had become the cornerstone of Chinese traditional morality. His advocacy of “governing with virtue“ provided a direction for rulers to govern the country. His insistence on “When the Great Way prevailed, a public spirit ruled all under Heaven“ had become the spiritual highland passed down and carried forward by the nation for thousands of years.

　　政治上不得志

　　Unfulfilled Ambitions in Politics

　　孔子主张“克己复礼”，而这与当时急剧变革的社会现实格格不入。除鲁定公时期，孔子在政治上曾迎来了短暂的高光时刻——出任鲁国大司寇，甚至一度“由大司寇行摄相事”，但很快受到排挤，使他不得不以58岁的高龄，率弟子周游列国，游说诸侯，企图东山再起施展抱负，但始终未受到重视和重用。晚年他回到鲁国，专心执教，同时删诗书、订礼乐、修周易，以传述六艺为己任。公元前479年，73岁的孔子在家乡病逝。